Literature Review

SCI Waymart meets needs of aging incarcerated population by training inmates in hospice care PBS WVIA News, NPR, Pittston, PA; by Lydia McFarlane; 6/8/25 Nurses and their inmate aides care for hospice patients. Some are bedridden, needing help with eating, changing and using the bathroom. The patients have recently signed do-not-resuscitate (DNR) forms. Some have just a few more months to live. The medium security prison's hospice unit looks like a nursing home. SCI Waymart is one of two prisons, along w ith SCI Laurel Highlands, in the Commonwealth that has a personal care unit. Waymart receives medical transfers from institutions across the state, making its population older than most of Pennsylvania’s state prisons. The average age of a Waymart inmate is 45.5, according to SCI Waymart’s superintendent, Mark Wahl. About 36% of inmates are over the age of 50, and 10% are over 65 out of a total of 1,122 as of April of this year, he said. Wahl said SCI Waymart averages one death per month.

New inmate comfort care program launched for terminally ill patients ABC WTXL 27, Tallahassee, FL; by Tier Wootson; 6/6/25 The Leon County Sheriff's Office and Big Bend Hospice are teaming up for a new Inmate Comfort Care Program for Terminally Ill Patients. In the press release, LCSO says that due to this new partnership, there will now be an inpatient hospice room within the Leon County Detention Facility. They say this has been developed over the last year with collaboration between LCSO leadership, healthcare leaders from YesCare, and representatives from Big Bend Hospice. ... The program is for inmates who have less than one week to live. While in hospice care, family members will be able to visit loved ones in a "peaceful and private environment."

Johnson champions Eddie's Law to bring dignity to end-of-life-care in Illinois Public, Springfield, IL; News Release; 5/22/25 After an incarcerated man named Eddie Thomas died alone in a prison infirmary without receiving any end-of-life care, State Senator Adriane Johnson is championing legislation to bring dignity, compassion, and transparency to hospice and palliative care services in Illinois correctional facilities. "This bill is about basic human dignity," said Johnson (D-Buffalo Grove). "No one should die in pain, in isolation or without the comfort of care - no matter who they are or where they live. House Bill 2397 brings transparency to a system that too often leaves people to suffer silently." ... House Bill 2397 would require the Illinois Department of Corrections to prepare and publish an annual report detailing its hospice and palliative care programs. The bill aims to provide lawmakers with data that can guide future policy decisions on compassionate and medically appropriate end-of-life care for people incarcerated in Illinois. 

Illinois plan calls for annual report on hospice, palliative care for prisoners WAND TV News, Springfield, IL; by Mike Miletich; 5/8/25 The Illinois House Restorative Justice & Public Safety Committee passed a bill Thursday [5/8] to require the Illinois Department of Corrections report data on hospice care available for prisoners. Over 1,000 Illinois prisoners are 65 or older, and a growing number of those people are in need of end-of-life care and support services. The Department of Corrections does not have a formal hospice program, as end-of-life care is provided on a prison-by-prison basis. Although, sponsors and advocates said this has led to inconsistent care for prisoners diagnosed with terminal illnesses or who are expected to reach the end of their life.

Penny Stamps speaker Gary Tyler shares his wrongful conviction story, empowers communities through artThe Michigan Daily; by Talia Varsano; 3/17/25At 5:30 p.m. in the Michigan Theater Thursday night, nearly every seat was full as the audience welcomed Gary Tyler, a falsely convicted felon of first-degree murder turned artist, performer, youth mentor and community leader. ... On October 7, 1974, Tyler was framed and wrongfully convicted by an all-white jury of first-degree murder and sentenced to death at 16 years old. ... At the event, Tyler spoke about his experience as an inmate at the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola for nearly 42 years before his release in 2016. Tyler said the trajectory of his life was completely shifted by his wrongful imprisonment. ... [Tyler's story of imprisonment continues.] Tyler began quilting while incarcerated to raise money for the hospice program at Angola, which provided end-of-life care for Louisiana State Penitentiary inmates. Tyler said he was inspired by his mother and grandmother, who were also quilters, as well as the communities surrounding him. ... Tyler said. “When I do quilts, I try to pull everything around me, because I try to build, I try to put everything that I feel, that someone would identify, someone would recognize, understand, in my quilt.” ... Tyler volunteered for the Angola Prison Hospice program for more than 17 years while incarcerated.Editor's note: Pair this with Death and redemption in American prison," posted 2/19/24 about Gary's friend and fellow quilter at Angola Prison Hospice program, Stephen Garner. 

Engaging the hospice community in end-of-life care in prisons (Part 2)ehospice; by Barry R. Ashpole; 1/21/25Part 1 offered a broad overview of the potential role community hospices can play to improve end-of-life care (EoLC) for a particularly vulnerable and underserved population. As has been widely acknowledged, prisons and correctional facilities are caught between the proverbial “rock and a hard place,” between issues of security and public safety and the civil rights of the prison inmates to healthcare comparable to what is available to the populace-at-large. Part 2 takes a closer look at specific initiatives by some community hospices to support prison inmates towards the end of life. Prior to conducting research for its 2020 report, ‘Dying Behind Bars: How can we better support people in prison at the end-of-life,’ Hospice UK had only anecdotal evidence of the important work that some hospices were engaged in to support prison inmates at the end of life. The scope of this support had not been established at a national level. After conducting a survey of hospice services across England, researchers found that 25 hospices – representing approximately 15% of hospices in the country – are indeed providing this care and support, working with 34 different prisons.Publisher's note: Also see: Engaging the hospice community in end-of-life care in prisons (Part 1) that was also discussed in Hospice News' Global challenges persist in bringing hospice care to incarcerated populations.

Bill would require prisons to notify families of inmate deaths Henry Herald, Washington, DC; by Staff; 12/18/24 U.S. Sen. Jon Ossoff, D-Georgia, recently announced the introduction of a bipartisan bill aimed at helping ensure family members are notified in a timely and compassionate manner in the event of the death or serious illness or injury of a loved one in custody. Ossoff and U.S. Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., recently introduced the bipartisan Family Notification of Death, Injury, or Illness in Custody Act. U.S. Rep. Sydney Kamlager-Dove, D-Calif., is leading the companion bill in the U.S. House of Representatives.

New fellowship will help imprisoned women plan for end of life Washington State University - WSU Insider; by Scott Swybright; 12/9/24 Incarcerated individuals have few personal rights, but one they do retain is the ability to create advance directive plans for their health care. Unfortunately, few know that this is the case. A new project led by a Washington State University graduate student will educate more incarcerated people about their options as they approach the end of their lives. “When folks are incarcerated, they lose most of their bodily autonomy and basically become property of the government,” said Tosha Big Eagle, a doctoral student in WSU’s prevention science program at the WSU Vancouver campus. “Advance directives are one outlier, but nobody tells them about that right.” To help educate prisoners, Big Eagle recently received a fellowship from The Order of the Good Death, a group helping all people face end-of-life concerns, fears, and legalities. Big Eagle’s project will focus on ensuring incarcerated people at the Washington Corrections Center for Women (WCCW) have access to end-of-life resources.

Nebraska inmates provide hospice care for fellow prisoner ABC KETV 7, Omaha, NE; by Mary Regli; 11/12/24 When you're in prison, there comes a point when either your sentence or your life comes to an end. The Nebraska Department of Correctional Services has come up with an idea to help inmates in either situation-- at no additional cost. They're transforming the prison from the inside out with a new program that's providing palliative and end-of-life care for incarcerated individuals. The prisoners we met are all serving time for heinous crimes. The purpose of the program is to have other inmate volunteers provide final care for dying or critically ill prisoners and help with their rehabilitation. "In the end of life, it doesn't really matter what you've done or what reason you're here; you're still a human, and you still deserve to be treated with dignity and respect. And this program embodies that," said Lori Palik, the department's director of nurses. Volunteers go through a ten-week program where they learn what they need to be able to care for their fellow inmates. 

CHCF unveils palliative care mural California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CHCF); by Lt. M. Orozco; 9/9/24 California Health Care Facility (CHCF) staff joined the incarcerated population and outside stakeholders to unveil the palliative care mural Aug. 23. Warden Gena Jones had a vision to normalize CHCF’s environment, making it more appealing for the incarcerated population and staff to enjoy while working. The vision consists of murals being painted throughout the institution with this mural setting the path for many more to come. In April 2024, incarcerated artists Issac Sinsun, Antiono Garcia, Loreto Arizpe, and Francsico Olivares started the palliative care mural. Little did they know it was the start to a new beginning. With the combined efforts of the four artists, the mural took 81 days and about 2,268 hours to complete. The ideas for the artwork were a combined effort from custody and medical staff as well incarcerated population within the housing unit. [Click on the title's link to see photos.]

Mount Pleasant Correctional Facility makes donations to regional hospice and animal shelter Fort Madison Daily Democrat; by Brad Vidmar; 7/18/24 Staff at the Mount Pleasant Correctional Facility (MPCF) presented two big checks to two worthy causes on Monday. During a presentation at the prison, a check for $5,000 was presented to All God’s Creatures and a check for $10,000 was presented to Southeast Iowa Regional Hospice. ... The $10,000 provided by MPCF for their donation to Southeast Iowa Regional Hospice came from a car washing and detailing program that incarcerated individuals at the prison perform for MPCF staff. Stroud explained that the prison still has a hospice room but said its lack of use in recent years persuaded staff to look consider donating money elsewhere.

The U.S. prison population is rapidly graying. Prisons aren’t built for what’s coming Wisconsin Public Radio, by Meg Anderson; 3/12/24 ... "You don't usually build prisons with nursing home-type housing." The proportion of state and federal prisoners who are 55 or older is about five times what it was three decades ago. In 2022, that was more than 186,000 people. ... Prison systems across the U.S. have a constitutional obligation to provide adequate health care, and they’re racing to figure out how to care for the elderly in their custody — and how to pay for it.Editor's Note: This article provides current data and focuses on nursing home type care. For depth information, pair this data with a clinical journal chapter, "Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Prison" - Aston, L. (2023). Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Prison. In: Brooke, J. (eds) Nursing in Prison . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30663-1_8

Unexpected Fatality Review Committee Report UFR-23-017Washington State Legislature; 2/27/24... The purpose of the unexpected fatality review is to develop recommendations for Department Of Corrections (DOC) and the legislature regarding changes in practices or policies to prevent fatalities and strengthen safety and health protections for incarcerated individuals in DOC’s custody. ... Consultative remarks that do not correlate to the cause of death but should be considered for review by the Department of Corrections: DOC should continue implementing the end-of-life care program. Editor's Note: