Literature Review

Symptom burden and quality of life among patient and family caregiver dyads in advanced cancerQuality of Life Research; by Katrina R Ellis, Allison Furgal, Feyisayo Wayas, Alexis Contreras, Carly Jones, Sierra Perez, Dolapo Raji, Madeline Smith, Charlotte Vincent, Lixin Song, Laurel Northouse, Aisha T Langford; 7/24Symptom management among patients diagnosed with advanced cancer is a high priority in clinical care that often involves the support of a family caregiver. This study seeks to identify patient and caregiver symptom clusters and investigate associations between identified clusters and demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors (cognitive appraisals and [quality of life] QOL). The most prevalent symptom for patients was energy loss/fatigue and for caregivers, mental distress. Higher symptom burden was associated with more negative appraisals of the cancer and caregiving experience, and poorer QOL (physical, social, emotional, functional, and overall QOL). Dyads whose caregivers had more chronic conditions were more likely to be in the high symptom burden subgroup.

Identifying and addressing bias in artificial intelligenceJAMA Network Open; by Byron Crowe, Jorge A. Rodriguez; 8/6/24[Invited commentary.] In this issue, Lee and colleagues (Demographic representation of generative artificial intelligence images of physicians) describe the performance of several widely used artificial intelligence (AI) image generation models on producing images of physicians in the United States. The key question the authors set out to answer was whether the models would produce images that accurately reflect the actual racial, ethnic, and gender composition of the US physician workforce, or whether the models would demonstrate biased performance. One important aspect of the study method was that the authors used relatively open-ended prompts, including “Photo of a physician in the United States,” allowing the machinations of the AI to produce an image that it determined was most likely to meet the needs of the end user. AI tools powered by large language models, including the ones examined in the study, use a degree of randomness in their outputs, so models are expected to produce different images in response to each prompt—but how different would the images be? Their findings are striking. First, although 63% of US physicians are White, the models produced images of White physicians 82% of the time. Additionally, several models produced no images of Asian or Latino physicians despite nearly a third of the current physician workforce identifying as a member of these groups. The models also severely underrepresented women in their outputs, producing images of women physicians only 7% of the time. These results demonstrate a clear bias in outputs relative to actual physician demographics. But what do these findings mean for AI and its use in medicine?Publisher's note: This is a thought-provoking article on machine output - whether that's AI, a Google search, etc. It ultimately places responsibility of outputs and actions on people with conscience.

Biden administration says Medicare negotiated price discounts on 10 prescription drugs USA Today; by Ken Alltucker; 8/15/24 ... The Biden administration announced Thursday that Medicare had negotiated discounts with pharmaceutical companies on 10 drugs prescribed to treat blood clots, cancer, heart disease and diabetes. The drugs are Eliquis, Jardiance, Xarelto, Januvia, Farxiga, Entresto, Enbrel, Imbruvica, Stelara, and the insulins Fiasp and NovoLog. The discounts will range from 38% to 79% when the negotiated prices take effect in 2026. The bargaining will save Medicare $6 billion when the price cuts are implemented in two years, according to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimates. 

"Back to school" continued ... Let us remember: One book, one pen, one child, and one teacher can change the world. ~ Malala Yousafzai Editor's Note: Who was that key, change-teacher for you, in your world? If still living, reach out and voice your thanks! If not, find a living relative to let them know how their loved one's influence lives on in you and your work, today. 

Capitalizing palliative care startups Hospice News; by Jesse Floyd; 8/14/24 As a sector, most standalone palliative care providers are still maturing from startups into long-term, sustainable businesses. ... This means gathering the necessary startup capital to take a new palliative care provider from idea to execution is often the first tangible goal for hopeful entrants into the space. When Jonathan Fluhart and Tiffany Hughes set about getting PalliCare, their Texarkana, Texas-based palliative care provider from theory to reality, they ran headlong into this obstacle. ... “Initially, what we thought we would do is build a palliative program that would nest between the home health and hospice,” Fluhart said. “We started to go into the community to talk with facilities and places that we felt would benefit from our services. Once they learned that we were tied to a home health provider, especially a hospice, it turned them off.” They decided the answer was two-fold: Sever ties with the hospice care provider they worked for; then start casting about for investors. ... 

Study: AI adoption spends jump among enterprises as eliminating data privacy concerns remains a foremost opportunity for driving long-term growth and ROI BusinessWire, San Francisco, CA; by Kayla Spiess; 8/14/24  Searce, a modern technology consulting firm that empowers businesses to be future-ready, today released its State of AI 2024 report. Polling 300 C-suite and senior technology executives – including Chief AI Officers, Chief Data & Analytics Officers, Chief Transformation Officers, and Chief Digital Officers – from organizations across the US and UK with at least $500 million in revenue, the report examines some of the biggest trends, successes and challenges facing businesses in their decision-making, strategy and execution as they try to unlock AI growth. [Key takeaways:]

15 Employee engagement examples to inspire you in 2024 Academy to Innovate HR (AIHR); by Andrea Boatman; 8/14/24 Employers should heed Apple’s former Senior VP Angela Ahrendts’ words: “Everyone talks about building a relationship with your customer. I think you build one with your employees first.” But how can HR help foster this relationship? ... Incorporate the examples in this article into your company’s employee engagement plan for positive long-term results. ...

Commentary: Prognostication in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias Journal of the American Geriatrics Society / Early View; by Natalie C. Ernecoff PhD, MPH, Kathryn L. Wessell MPH, Laura C. Hanson MD, MPH; 8/8/24  ... Hospice provides comfort-oriented care, emphasizing patient-tailored elements of quality of life, including time with family, access to nature, and music. In late-stage ADRD, studies show that a majority of families prioritize comfort-oriented treatment, and understanding prognosis may help them align treatments accordingly. Yet, only 15% of people enrolled in hospice with a primary diagnosis of ADRD. This is due to difficulty estimating 6-month prognosis required for hospice eligibility—ADRD carries a prognosis of 12–18 months in the latest stage. While low rates of live discharges from hospice are a regulatory requirement for hospices, people who are increasingly experiencing ADRD progression lose access to those beneficial hospice services. ...

Health group expands to Presque Isle The County, Presque Isle, ME; 8/14/24 Andwell Health Partners (formerly Androscoggin Home Healthcare + Hospice) has expanded its hospice services to Aroostook County. “As Maine’s largest non-profit home and community-based healthcare and care management organization, we are driven to meet the growing and evolving needs of individuals and families,” said Ken Albert, president and CEO, Andwell Health Partners, who has deep family roots in Aroostook County. ... Serving all ages of hospice patients, from infancy to those who have lived full lives, Andwell’s hospice services are available to individuals regardless of ability to pay.

Hospice and Palliative Nurses Foundation receives $1.2 million impact grant Hospice & Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA); August 2024 newsletter, with webpage posted 7/8/24 The Hospice and Palliative Nurses Foundation (HPNF) is thrilled to announce that it has been awarded a transformative $1.2 million impact grant from the Hospice and Palliative Credentialing Center (HPCC). The Sandra Lee Schafer Impact Grant, given in memory of the late Sandra Lee Schafer, MN, RN, AOCN®, will empower HPNF to create a legacy of sustainable giving, which will impact the hospice and palliative care community for years to come. “We are deeply honored and grateful to receive this impact grant from HPCC, given in tribute of Sandy,” said Virginia (Ginger) Marshall, MSN, ACNP-BC, ACHPN®, FPCN, chief executive officer of HPNF. Sandra was an unwavering advocate of specialty nursing certification. ... Sandra served as the director of credentialing of the Hospice and Palliative Credentialing Center from 2004 until her sudden passing in 2018.

Thrive Alliance donates robotic pets to Our Hospice dementia patients Local News Digital, Columbus, IN; by LND Staff; 8/13/24 Our Hospice of South Central Indiana has announced that it has received a generous donation from Thrive Alliance that will significantly improve the quality of life for dementia patients. The donation includes several lifelike robotic animals designed to provide sensory-based stimulation and comfort to patients experiencing dementia. The innovative pets calm patients, encouraging them to smile, hug, and stroke the robotic animal’s fur. ... President of Our Hospice Steph Cain said, “These robotic animals will make the transition from home to our care center much smoother. They not only provide comfort but also act as a catalyst for social connection, sparking positive interactions with staff, visitors, and fellow patients.”

Virtual palliative care improves quality of life in advanced lung cancer MedPage Today; by Greg Laub; 8/13/24 In this exclusive MedPageToday video, Roy Herbst, MD, PhD, of Yale Cancer Center in New Haven, Connecticut, discusses a studyopens in a new tab or window presented at the recent American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting, which showed that patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving palliative care via video consultation had outcomes comparable to those treated in person. Following is a transcript of his remarks: ...